Higher Education System MCQs For Assistant Professor, UGC NET, CTET, TGT, PGT and all other Teacher’s Recruitment Exams.
The Higher Education System is part of the syllabus under the subject of Higher Education which is the choice of subject for several Assistant Professor, UGC NET aspirants aiming to be JRF or Assistant Professors. Several topics form a part of the questions in the examinations and it is likely are asked in the exam, as UGC-NET makes a change by asking questions about all the topics that have not been asked before. Through this topic, learners can learn about the Indian higher education system and related issues.
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India’s Higher Education System
India is one of the largest populated countries in the world. Any segment catering to the masses will automatically become the largest in the world. Indian higher education is thus one of the largest in the world.
‘Higher Education System’ refers to education imparted only after the 12th grade (i.e., after 10 years of primary and 2 years of secondary education). Higher education in India is provided by the rich presence of more than one hundred universities and more than forty-two thousand colleges in the country, which are under the supervision of the Ministry of Education.
The inclusion of technology in the form of teaching aids facilitates a lot of interaction in the higher education space, which helps in the 360-degree development of students across the nation. There has been a combined effort of both the public and private sector colleges and universities. The learning process is constantly improving, enhancing the other skills that help the students grow, such as communication skills, critical thinking, etc.
There are a few points which, when referred to before the examination, will help better recall the important facts related to India’s Higher Education System. The points are listed below.
- Indian higher education system ranks third in the world regarding students involved, next to China and the United States of America.
- There has been an exponential increase in the number of institutions providing higher education in India since our independence.
- India’s total Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in the Higher Education segment is only 25.5% (as of 2019). To improve this scenario under the NEP 2020 policy, several provisions have been made to increase this percentage to 50.
- The quality of higher education provided in India is highly affected by the lack of employability and skill development because of its degraded quality of education.
- The infrastructure that helps facilitate education is also of a very low standard, especially in public institutions, which results from corruption and other factors.
- There is a severe shortage of good-quality educators in the higher education system in India. There is always a need for more educators and the challenge of retaining good educators, which affects the teacher-student relationship.
- The curriculum focused on in India needs to be more theoretical and updated, which makes it difficult to bridge the gap between the industry requirements and the curriculum followed, ultimately affecting the students’ employability.
- There needs to be more universities and institutes accredited to NAAC, and amongst them, a very few handfuls of institutes make it to the A listed category, which makes the availability of good institutes difficult to be approached for education.
- There is a high level of centralization of management for any education in India, making it difficult to change anything and adapt to the changes the world is facing, and thus the overall education system lags.
- Unlike many other countries, the research work is not well-funded, which makes it difficult for any novel research to be done in any stream in India.
Institutions Involved in the Higher Education System in India
The types of institutions involved in imparting higher educational knowledge in India are also very important to be studied from the exam’s perspective.
- Central Universities: They are fully funded by the Union Government and are set up by an act in the parliament. As of 16th November 2022, there are 54 active central universities.
- State Universities: They are primarily funded and supported by the state government and are set up through the act in the state legislature. As of 16th November 2022, there are 459 universities in India.
- Private Universities: These include specialized and multidisciplinary research universities which are also set up by an act in the state legislature. As of 25th November 2022, there are 430 private universities in India.
- Deemed Universities: These are universities that are performing well and are at par with the universities of the central government on the advice of the Union Grants Commission (UGC). As of 16th November 2022, there are a total of 127 universities.
- Institutes of National Importance (INI): These are well-known institutions that train highly qualified individuals and are funded by the Indian government, including NIT and AIIM’s institutes.
- Colleges: There are several colleges some of which are affiliated with private universities some are affiliated with public and some are autonomous colleges that also provide higher education in India.
Regulatory Bodies
Several regulatory bodies oversee the higher education system in India and they are:
- University Grants Commission (UGC): This is a regulatory body that provides funds to universities to establish education standards for the universities and analyze the growth of various higher education institutions. To continue with the degree-providing authority, the universities need to meet the criteria set by the UGC.
- All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE): This is a technical institute that plans, coordinates, and develops technical education in the country. The accreditation of universities and colleges is overseen by the NAAC and NIRF.
There are a few more regulatory and apex educational bodies that have been set up depending on the area they are catering to. They are mentioned below:
List of Other Regulatory Bodies
- Medical Council of India (MCI)
- Dental Council of India (DCI)
- Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
- Council of Architecture
- Distance Education Council (DEC)
List of Apex Educational Bodies
- National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)
- National Board of Accreditation (NBA)
- National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)
- National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
- Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR)
- All India Management Association (AIMA)
- Bar Council of India (BCI)
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
- Central Hindi Directorate (CHD)
- Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET)
- Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL)
- Central Institute of Indian Languages (CILL)
- Commission of Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT)
- Council for Architecture (COA)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Dental Council of India (DCI)
- Medical Council of India (MCI)
- Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
- Indian Nursing Council (INC)
- Central Council of Homeopathy ( CCH)
- Central Council for Indian Medicine (CCIM)
- Rehabilitation Council (RC)
- National Council for Rural Institutes (NCRI)
- State Councils of Higher Education (SCHE)
Important Topics of Higher Education System
The Assistant Professor / UGC NET exam covers a wide range of topics related to higher education systems, and candidates must prepare thoroughly to perform well. Here are some of the important topics of the higher education system that candidates should focus on while preparing for the Assistant Professor & UGC NET exam:
- The role of higher education in society
- Major policy initiatives and reforms in the higher education sector
- Structure and governance of higher education institutions in India
- Accreditation and assessment of higher education institutions
- Funding and financial management in higher education institutions
- Curriculum development and pedagogical practices in higher education
- Quality assurance mechanisms in higher education
- Emerging trends and issues in higher education, such as digital learning, internationalization, and sustainability.
Candidates should also keep themselves updated with the latest developments and news related to the higher education sector in India and globally to perform well in the UGC NET exam.
Higher Education System for Assistant Professor, UGC NET
Aspiring candidates who wish to join the teaching profession or pursue research in various fields of study must clear the National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by the UGC. We have provided some important notes and study material related to the higher education system and the UGC NET exam in India.
| S.no. | Higher Education System | Study Material |
| 1 | Institutions of higher learning & education in ancient India | Higher Education in Ancient India MCQ |
| 2 | Evolution of higher learning & research in post-independence India | Evolution in Post-Independence India MCQ |
| 3 | Oriental, conventional & non-conventional learning programs in India | Oriental MCQ Non-conventional MCQ Conventional MCQ |
| 4 | Professional, technical along with skill-based education | Professional & Skill Development MCQ Technical Education MCQ |
| 5 | Value education & environmental education | Value Education MCQ Environmental Education MCQ Quiz |
| 6 | Policies, governance, as well as administration | Policies and Governance MCQ |
Benefits of Higher Education System MCQs
Studying and understanding the higher education system is essential for candidates appearing for the Assistant Professor & UGC NET exam in India. Some benefits of having a comprehensive set of notes in the higher education system are as follows:
- Clearer understanding of the structure and functioning of higher education institutions in India.
- Improved knowledge about the roles and responsibilities of the UGC and other regulatory bodies.
- Enhanced ability to identify and analyze emerging trends and issues in the higher education sector.
- Improved familiarity with the different types of programs and courses offered by higher education institutions in India.
- Better understanding of the eligibility criteria, application process, and exam pattern of Assistant Professor & UGC NET.
- Enhanced ability to prepare for the exam by focusing on the relevant topics and areas of study.
Having access to high-quality notes on the higher education system can significantly increase the chances of success for candidates appearing for the Assistant Professor & UGC NET. By providing a comprehensive overview of the higher education system, these notes can help candidates prepare thoroughly for the exam and stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field.
Higher Education System MCQs