31. Which of the following statements are correct with respect to PTR/ Pupil Teacher ratio?
- The PTR norms for the country are 30:1 for primary level education, 35:1 for upper primary level education and 30:1 for secondary level education.
- The PTR compliance is aided by Sarva Siksha Abhiyan program for elementary and secondary education.
- Tripura, Sikkim and Nagaland have the worst PTR among Indian states.
- Kerala is the most compliant among the large states.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] Only 2, 3 & 4
[C] Only 1 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer: C [Only 1 & 4]
Notes:
Statement 1 is correct:
The PTR norms are set down under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009. The Unified District Information on School Education (UDISE) published data about the PTR compliance of states and UTs. The differences in the optimum pupil strength per class vary across the world. This makes global PTR data not uniformly comparable. However, UNESCO has said that the Indian standards are comparable to other nations of similar socio-economic standing.
Statement 2 is incorrect:
PTR implementation among the schools is in the state and UT government’s jurisdiction. But their effort is aided by Centre’s flagship programs for improving education coverage. The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is concerned with universal elementary education. But the secondary education is dealt with by the Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan. These two schemes provide additional teachers in order to reach the optimal PTR levels.
Statement 3 is incorrect:
According to the UDISE report of 2017-18, the smaller states are the best performing with respect to PTR levels. Tripura, Sikkim and Nagaland are the top performing states. UTs also showed good performance. The worst performing states were the larger states, especially, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The percentage of schools that are non-compliant with national standards is also very high in these states. E.g.: about 67% and 77% of primary and upper primary schools of Bihar are non-compliant to norms.
Statement 4 is correct:
The UDISE report shows that Kerala is the most compliant to PTR norms among the larger states. It has very low compliance issue- less than 5% of primary and upper primary schools are non-compliant. It also has the best compliance to the provisions of RTE. Kerala has historically been a high spender in the education field. Some of its initiatives, like State Literacy Mission, are keenly involved in improving the state’s educational standing.
32. In which year Sikkim became a protectorate state of India?
[A] 1948
[B] 1950
[C] 1947
[D] 1949
Answer: C [1947]
Notes:
Sikkim was a princely state ruled by Chogyals till 1947. When the British Paramountcy lapsed in 1947 Sikkim became a protectorate of India. Accordingly government assumed the responsibility for the defense, external affairs and communications of Sikkim.
33. By which of the following amendment Sikkim was made a full-fledged State of the Indian Union?
[A] 30th
[B] 32nd
[C] 35th
[D] 36th
Answer: D [36th]
Notes:
The Thirty-Sixth Amendment Act, 1975 to the Constitution of India Sikkim was made a full-fledged State of the Indian Union. It also omitted the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
34. In which of the following states the minimum strength of legislative assembly is fixed at 30?
1. Arunachal Pradesh
2. Mizoram
3. Sikkim
4. Goa
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 4
[C] Only 1, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2 , 3 & 4
Answer: C [Only 1, 3 & 4]
Notes:
In the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa the Constitution of India has fixed the minimum strength to 30 members in the state legislative assembly. However the strength in legislative assembles can vary from 60 to 500 according to the population of the states.
35. In which scheme, three states-Odisha, Sikkim and Mizoram have joined, to bring the total number of implementing states to 20?
[A] PM KISAN
[B] One Nation-One Ration Card
[C] PM Fasal Bima Yojana
[D] PM Kisan Maan Dhan Yojana
Answer: B [One Nation-One Ration Card]
Notes:
As per the recent announcement from the Food and Consumer Affairs Ministry, three more States namely Odisha, Sikkim and Mizoram have recently joined the ‘One Nation-One Ration Card’ scheme.
This addition has taken the total number of states and union territories that have joined the scheme to 20. In the three states, the necessary infrastructure work for joining the scheme including upgradation of electronic Point of Sale (e-PoS) software have been completed.
36. Which among the following matches of passes and the states they are situated in are correct?
1. Shipki La- Himachal Pradesh
2. Niti pass- Uttarakhand
3. Nathula- Sikkim
4. Bomdi La- Arunachal Pradesh
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1, 2 & 3
[C] 2, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-China border is situated in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The river Sutlej (Langqên Zangbo in Tibet), enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. It is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. Niti pass is situated in Uttarakhand, Nathula pass is situated in Sikkim and Bomdi La is situated in Arunachal Pradesh.
37. Which among the following matches of passes and the state they are situated in are correct?
1. Zoji La Pass– Jammu and Kashmir
2. Bara Lacha Pass– Himachal Pradesh
3. Niti Pass– Uttarakhand
4. Jelep La Pass– Sikkim
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1 & 4
[C] 1, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
Zoji La is a high mountain pass situated in Jammu and Kashmir, India between Srinagar and Leh. Bara-Lacha la pass, is a high mountain pass in the Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated along the Leh – Manali Highway. Jelep La (46 metres in length) is a high mountain pass situated between East Sikkim District, Sikkim, India and Tibet. It is on a route that connects Lhasa to India. Niti is a small village in Niti valley of Joshimath. Niti is the last village and outpost in Indo – Tibetan border in Chamoli district.
38.Which among the following matches of Mountain Passes and their states are correct?
1. Lipulekh– Uttarakhand
2. Nathu La– Sikkim
3. Shipki La– Himachal Pradesh
4. Zoji La– Jammu and Kashmir
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 2 & 4
[C] 1, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
Zoji La is situated in Jammu and Kashmir, Lipulekh is situated in Uttarakhand, Shipki La is situated in Himachal Pradesh, Nathu La is situated in Sikkim.
39.Which among the following pairs are correct?
1. Lipulekh- Uttarakhand
2. Nathu La– Sikkim
3. Rohtang- Himachal Pradesh
4. Palghat- KeralaChoose the correct option from the codes given below :
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1, 2 & 3
[C] 1, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
Lipulekh- Uttarakhand, Nathu La– Sikkim, Rohtang- Himachal Pradesh, Palghat- Kerala
40. Which among the following passes are located in the state of Sikkim?
1. Jelep La
2. Nathu La
3. Lipu Lekh
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] 1 & 2
[B] 1 & 3
[C] 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Answer: A [1 & 2]
Notes:
Jelep La and Nathu La are located in Sikkim.