81. Arrange the following in correct chronological order:
i. The Hunter Education Commission
ii. The Sadler University Commission
iii. The Hartog Committee
iv. The Kothari Education Commission
(A) i, ii, iii, iv
(B) iii, iv, ii, i
(C) i, iii, iv, ii
(D) ii, iii, i, iv
✅ Answer: (A) i, ii, iii, iv
Explanation:
- Hunter Commission – 1882
- Sadler Commission – 1917
- Hartog Committee – 1929
- Kothari Commission – 1964
82. Which Articles of the Constitution relate to the Right to Religion?
(A) Articles 14 to 18
(B) Articles 19 to 22
(C) Articles 25 to 28
(D) Articles 29 and 30
✅ Answer: (C) Articles 25 to 28
Explanation: These articles guarantee freedom of religion and manage religious institutions.
83. Which election method is used for Lok Sabha elections in India?
(A) Proportional Representation
(B) First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)
(C) Single Transferable Vote (STV)
(D) Mixed Electoral System
✅ Answer: (B) First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)
Explanation: The candidate with the highest number of votes wins — not necessarily a majority.
84. What is an “Edge Species”?
(A) Species that occur abundantly in the ecotone
(B) Species on the verge of extinction
(C) Rare species
(D) Endemic species
✅ Answer: (A) Species that occur abundantly in the ecotone
Explanation: Edge species thrive in transition zones between ecosystems, such as forest–grassland boundaries.
85. Match the following (Composition of Atmosphere):
| Element | Statement |
|---|---|
| a. Oxygen | 2. Constitutes about 21% of total atmospheric volume |
| b. Nitrogen | 3. Accounts for 78% of total atmospheric volume |
| c. Ozone | 1. Less than 0.00005% by volume; unevenly distributed |
| d. Water vapour | 4. Most variable; 0.2–4% of atmosphere |
✅ Answer: (A) a–2, b–3, c–1, d–4
Explanation: Correct representation of atmospheric gases and their relative concentrations.
86. The UNESCO “Memory of the World (MoW)” Register primarily aims to preserve —
(A) Endangered monuments and archaeological sites
(B) Oral traditions and folk songs
(C) Ancient scripts, historical documents, and documentary heritage
(D) Traditional knowledge systems
✅ Answer: (C) Ancient scripts, historical documents, and documentary heritage
Explanation: MoW Register safeguards documentary heritage of global significance.
87. Who among the following is NOT a member of the Committee that recommends appointments to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?
(A) Prime Minister of India
(B) Home Minister
(C) Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
(D) Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha
✅ Answer: (C) Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Explanation: Members include PM, Home Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Leaders of Opposition (both Houses), and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
88. In which region was the ‘Ryotwari System’ primarily implemented?
(A) Bengal Presidency
(B) Central Provinces
(C) Madras and Bombay Presidencies
(D) North-Western Provinces and Oudh
✅ Answer: (C) Madras and Bombay Presidencies
Explanation: Introduced by Thomas Munro in Madras (1820) — between government and individual cultivators.
89. Which Committee/Commission recommended that the appointment of Governors should be non-partisan?
(A) Sarkaria Commission
(B) Vohra Committee
(C) 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission
(D) Gadgil Committee
✅ Answer: (A) Sarkaria Commission
Explanation: Sarkaria Commission (1983–1988) emphasized that Governors should be non-partisan and detached from active politics.
90. Between India and which country did the exercise ‘Dharma Guardian’ take place?
(A) Japan
(B) Nepal
(C) Sri Lanka
(D) Indonesia
✅ Answer: (A) Japan
Explanation: Dharma Guardian is a bilateral military exercise between the Indian Army and Japan Ground Self-Defense Force.