31. Karachi Session of Indian National Congress (1931):
i. Presided by Motilal Nehru.
ii. Reflected socialist radicalism.
iii. Passed resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme.
iv. Resolution on All-India Agrarian Programme.
(A) i and ii
(B) ii and iii
(C) i and iii
(D) ii and iv
✅ Answer: (B) ii and iii
Explanation: Presided by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (not Motilal Nehru); focused on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme.
32. The word “Secular” was inserted in the Preamble by —
(A) 25th Amendment
(B) 42nd Amendment
(C) 44th Amendment
(D) 52nd Amendment
✅ Answer: (B) 42nd Amendment (1976)
Explanation: The words “Socialist” and “Secular” were added to the Preamble during the Emergency.
33. Minimum age for membership of State Legislative Council —
(A) 21 years
(B) 25 years
(C) 30 years
(D) 35 years
✅ Answer: (C) 30 years
Explanation: Article 173 of the Constitution sets the minimum age for Legislative Council membership at 30 years.
34. Regarding Election Commission of India:
- Article 324 gives ECI power to conduct elections.
- ECI conducts local body elections.
- Single-member body till 1993.
- CEC removal similar to Supreme Court judge.
(A) Only 1 and 4
(B) Only 1, 3 and 4
(C) Only 1 and 3
(D) Only 2 and 4
✅ Answer: (B) Only 1, 3 and 4
Explanation: Local body elections are conducted by State Election Commissions, not the ECI.
35. Who said the Preamble is “The Keynote of the Constitution”?
(A) Morris Jones
(B) K. T. Shah
(C) Granville Austin
(D) Ernest Barker
✅ Answer: (D) Ernest Barker
Explanation: The British political scientist Ernest Barker described India’s Preamble as “the keynote of the Constitution.”
36. About Pralay Missile:
- Air-to-surface cruise missile developed by DRDO.
- Range 700–1500 km for naval warfare.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
✅ Answer: (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation: Pralay is a surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile with a range of 150–500 km.
37. About Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy — INCORRECT statement:
(A) Located in Hyderabad
(B) Trains IPS officers
(C) Established in 1978
(D) Named after India’s first Deputy Prime Minister
✅ Answer: (C) Established in 1978
Explanation: It was established in 1948 (renamed later); 1978 is incorrect.
38. Which Act introduced provincial autonomy and a federal court?
(A) Indian Councils Act, 1909
(B) Government of India Act, 1919
(C) Government of India Act, 1935
(D) Indian Independence Act, 1947
✅ Answer: (C) Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation: It introduced provincial autonomy and Federal Court (1937).
39. About Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD):
I. Also known as “Indian Nino.”
II. Similar to El Nino phenomenon.
(A) Only I
(B) Both I and II
(C) Only II
(D) Neither I nor II
✅ Answer: (B) Both I and II
Explanation: IOD, called Indian Nino, influences monsoon patterns like El Niño but occurs in the Indian Ocean.
40. Which Five-Year Plan introduced the concept of ‘Rolling Plan’?
(A) First Plan
(B) Second Plan
(C) Third Plan
(D) None of the above
✅ Answer: (D) None of the above
Explanation: The Rolling Plan concept was introduced after the Janata Party came to power (1978) — not part of any formal Five-Year Plan.