MPSC Rajyaseva Prelims Answer Key 2025

31. As per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, the _ shall be the nodal Ministry to deal with the Transboundary movement of the hazardous wastes and to grant permission for transit of the hazardous wastes through any part of India.

(1) Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India

(2) Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India

(3) Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India

(4) Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India

Answer: 1

As per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, the Ministry of Environment and Forests shall be the nodal Ministry to deal with the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and to grant permission for transit of hazardous wastes through any part of India. 

32. Match the pollutants given in List -I with their effects given in List -II.

List -I Pollutants                                         List – II Effects of Pollutants

a. Phosphate fertilizers in water                i. Biochemical oxygen demand level increase

b. Methane in air                                       ii. Acid Rain

c. Synthetic detergents in water              iii. Global warming

iv. Nitrogen oxides in air                         iv. Eutrophication

33. Which of the following animal is not declared as a critically endangered species of reptile and amphibian of India?

(1) Gharial

(2) Bengal Florican

(3) Four-toed River Terrapin

(4) Leatherback turtles

Answer: None

Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Moved from Critically Endangered to Vulnerable.

Critically Endangered Animal Species of India

The Critically Endangered list includes 10 mammals, 15 birds, 6 reptiles, 19 species of amphibians, 14 fishes etc.

Critically Endangered Mammals

1. Pygmy Hog (Porcula salvania).
2. Andaman White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura andamanensis)
3. Jenkin’s Andaman Spiny Shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi)
4. Nicobar White-tailed Shrew (Crocidura nicobarica)
5. Kondana Rat (Millardia kondana)
6. Large Rock Rat or Elvira Rat (Cremnomys elvira)
7. Namdapha Flying Squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi)
8. Malabar Civet (Viverra civettina)
9. Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
10. Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)

Critically Endangered Birds

According   to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of birds, the information contained in the IUCN Red list version 2013.2 indicates that 15 species of birds from India are critically endangered.

No	Common Name	Scientific Name
1	Baer’s Pochard	Aythyabaeri
2	Forest Owlet	Heteroglauxblewitti
3	Great Indian Bustard	Ardeotisnigriceps
4	Bengal Florican	Houbaropsisbengalensis
5	Siberian Crane	Grusleucogeranus
6	Spoon-billed Sandpiper	Eurynorhynchuspygmeus
7	Sociable Lapwing	Vanellusgregarius
8	Jerdon’s Courser	Rhinoptilusbitorquatus
9	White-backed Vulture	Gyps bengalensis
10	Red-headed Vulture	Sarcogypscalvus
11	White-bellied Heron	Ardeainsignis
12	Slender-billed Vulture	Gyps tenuirostris
13	Indian Vulture	Gyps indicus
14	Himalayan Quail	Ophrysiasuperciliosa
15	Pink-headed Duck	Rhodonessacaryophyllacea

Critically endangered birds in India under a different classification can be grouped as:

1. Migratory Wetland Species – Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri), Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus), Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus)
2. Non-migratory Wetland Species – White-bellied Heron (Ardea insignis)
3. Grassland Species – Bengal Florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps), Jerdon’s Courser(Rhinoptilus bitorquatus), Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)
4. Forest Species – Forest Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti)
5. Scavengers – Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus), Red-headed Vulture (Sarcogyps calvus), Slender-billed Vulture (Gyps tenuirostris), White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis).
6. Practically extinct – Himalayan Quail (Ophrysia superciliosa), Pink-headed Duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea)

Extra note: In the lower risk categories, the agency included 14 bird species as Endangered and 51 as vulnerable ones. In the latest list, two birds – the River Lapwing and River Tern – that were listed as species of least concern have been registered as near threatened. A third bird, the long-tailed duck, which has been sighted in India on a few occasions, has moved from ‘least concern’ to ‘vulnerable’ on the red list.

Critically Endangered Reptiles

1. Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
2. Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
3. Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
4. Four-toed River Terrapin or River Terrapin (Batagur baska)
5.  Red-crowned Roofed Turtle or the Bengal Roof Turtle (Batagur kachuga)
6. Sispara day gecko (Cnemaspis sisparensis)

Critically Endangered Amphibians

1. Anamalai Flying Frog (Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus)
2. Gundia Indian Frog (Indirana gundia)
3. Kerala Indian Frog (Indirana phrynoderma)
4. Charles Darwin’s Frog (Ingerana charlesdarwini)
5. Kottigehar Bubble-nest Frog (Micrixalus kottigeharensis)
6. Amboli Bush Frog (Pseudophilautus amboli)
7. Chalazodes Bubble-Nest Frog (Raorchestes chalazodes)
8. Small Bush Frog (Raorchestes chotta)
9. Green-eyed Bush Frog (Raorchestes chlorosomma)
10. Griet Bush Frog (Raorchestes griet)
11. Kaikatt’s Bush Frog (Raorchestes kaikatti)
12. Mark’s Bush Frog (Raorchestes marki)
13. Munnar Bush Frog (Raorchestes munnarensis)
14. Large Ponmudi Bush Frog (Raorchestes ponmudi)
15. Resplendent Shrub Frog (Raorchestes resplendens)
16. Sacred Grove Bush frog (Raorchestes sanctisilvaticus)
17. Sushil’s Bush Frog (Raorchestes sushili)
18. Shillong Bubble-nest Frog (Raorchestes shillongensis)
19. Tiger toad (Xanthophryne tigerinus)

Critically Endangered Fishes

1. Pondicherry Shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)
2. Ganges Shark (Glyphis gangeticus)
3. Knife-tooth Sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata)
4. Large-tooth Sawfish (Pristis microdon)
5. Long-comb Sawfish or Narrow-snout Sawfish (Pristis zijsron)

Critically Endangered Corals

1. Fire corals (Millepora boschmai)

Critically Endangered Spiders

1. Rameshwaram Ornamental or Rameshwaram Parachute Spider (Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica)
2. Gooty Tarantula, Metallic Tarantula or Peacock Tarantula (Poecilotheria metallica